Endocrinology and Complications of Diabetes

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine systems at certain doses. These disruptions can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders. Any system in the body controlled by hormones can be derailed by hormone disruptors. Specifically, endocrine disruptors may be associated with the development of learning disabilities, severe attention deficit disorder, cognitive and brain development problems deformations of the body that includes breast cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid and other cancers; sexual development problems such as feminizing of males or masculinizing effects on females, etc.

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  Xenoestrogens


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  Alkylphenols


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   Bisphenol A (BPA)


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  Bisphenol S (BPS)


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  Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)


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  Polychlorinated biphenyls


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  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers


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  Phthalates


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  Perfluorooctanoic acid


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  Other suspected endocrine disruptors

Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with disorders of the endocrine glands, such as variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, diabetes and many more. By age, pediatric endocrinologists, depending upon the age range of the patients they treat, care for patients from infancy to late adolescence and young adulthood. The most common disease of the specialty is type 1 diabetes, which usually accounts for at least 50% of a typical clinical practice. The next most common problem is growth disorders, especially those amenable to growth hormone treatment. Pediatric endocrinologists are usually the primary physicians involved in the medical care of infants and children with intersex disorders.

The specialty also deals with hypoglycemia and other forms of hyperglycemia in childhood, variations of puberty, as well other adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary problems. Many pediatric endocrinologists have interests and expertise in bone metabolism, lipid metabolism, adolescent gynecology, or inborn errors of metabolism. Training for pediatric endocrinology consists of a 3 year fellowship following completion of a 3 year pediatrics residency. The fellowship, and the specialty, are heavily research-oriented and academically based, although less exclusively now than in past decades.

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  What is a Pediatric Endocrinologist?


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  What Kind of Training Do Pediatric Endocrinologists Have?


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  What Types of Treatment Do Pediatric Endocrinologists Provide?


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  Pediatric Endocrinologists — the Best Care For Children

Multiple endocrine neoplasia is a group of disorders that affect the body's network of hormone-producing glands called the endocrine system. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and regulate the function of cells and tissues throughout the body. Multiple endocrine neoplasia typically involves tumors in at least two endocrine glands; tumors can also develop in other organs and tissues. These growths can be noncancerous or cancerous. If the tumors become cancerous, the condition can be life-threatening.

The major forms of multiple endocrine neoplasia are called type 1, type 2, and type 4. These types are distinguished by the genes involved, the types of hormones made, and the characteristic signs and symptoms. Many different types of tumors are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. Type 1 frequently involves tumors of the parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland, and the pancreas. Tumors in these glands can lead to the overproduction of hormones. The most common sign of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is overactivity of the parathyroid glands.

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  Types of multiple endocrine neoplasia


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  What are multiple endocrine neoplasia?


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  How is multiple endocrine neoplasia?


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  What are the treatment options for multiple endocrine neoplasia?

Transgender is an umbrella term for a diverse group of people such as trans women (male-to-female) and trans men (female-to-male), genderqueer individuals, and many others whose gender identity or expression differs from societal expectations of how they should look, act, or identify based on the sex they were assigned at birth. Transgender and other gender minority people are often the targets of discrimination and harassment that can lead to negative health outcomes. The term “gender nonconforming” is used to describe individuals whose gender identity, role, or expression differs from what is normative for their assigned sex at birth in a given culture and historical period.

Transgender is used as an umbrella term to describe individuals whose gender identity differs from the assigned sex at birth. Transgender males are people assigned female at birth but who self-identify as male. Transgender females are people assigned male at birth, but who self-identify as female. Transgender individuals are often denied insurance coverage for appropriate medical and psychological treatment. Over the last decade, there has been considerable research on and development of evidence-based standards of care that have proven to be both safe and efficacious for the treatment of gender dysphoria/gender incongruence. There is also a growing understanding of the impact that increased access to such treatments can have on the mental health of these individuals.

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  Gender identity


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  Diagnosis


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  Medical Treatment


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  Endpoints


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  Concerns

Aloe vera:  Aloe vera is a common plant with many different uses. Many people are aware of its benefits for skin care, but it may also have other benefits, including slowing the progress of type 2 diabetes.